Paragon

Purpose

Paragon is a pattern library containing accessible React components and a SCSS foundation built on Twitter Bootstrap. Paragon is developed for the Open edX platform.

Documentation lives at https://paragon-openedx.netlify.app/.

Getting Started

Getting Help

Please reach out to the Paragon Working Group (PWG):

• Open edX Slack (request an invite): #wg-paragon
• Github Issues
• Weekly PWG Meeting

React Components

Paragon components require React 16 or higher. To install Paragon into your project:

In terminal:

npm i --save @openedx/paragon

In your React project:

import { ComponentName } from '@openedx/paragon';

CSS Foundation

Usage with no theme:

The Paragon CSS Foundation offers a collection of fundamental styles, encompassing padding, typography, and sizing. When applied, these styles contribute to the creation of a straightforward and neat appearance for your application.

To integrate these foundational styles into your project, include the following import:

@use "@openedx/paragon/dist/core.min.css";

Usage with a theme:

In addition to the basic styles, you can provide a theme layer that includes styles for colors, shadows, backgrounds and transparency of elements. This allows you to visually represent a specific theme in your application.

To apply these theme-specific styles, include the following import:

@use "@openedx/paragon/dist/core.min.css";
@use "@my-brand/light.min.css";

CDN links:

Alternative style integration is available when using CDN links:

@import url("https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@my-brand/core.min.css");
@import url("https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@my-brand/light.min.css");

Paragon CLI

The Paragon CLI (Command Line Interface) is a tool that provides various utility commands to automate actions within the Open edX environment.

Available Commands

• paragon install-theme: Install a brand package.
• paragon migrate-to-openedx-scope: Migrate from "@edx/paragon" to "@openedx/paragon".
• paragon build-tokens: Build Paragon's design tokens.
• paragon replace-variables: Replace SCSS variables usages or definitions to CSS variables and vice versa in .scss files.
• paragon build-scss: Compile Paragon's core and themes SCSS into CSS.

Use paragon help to see more information.

Internationalization

Paragon supports internationalization for its components out of the box with the support of react-intl. You may view translated strings for each component on the documentation website by switching languages in the settings.

Due to Paragon's dependence on react-intl, that means that your whole app needs to be wrapped in its provider, e.g.:

  import { IntlProvider } from 'react-intl';
  import { messages as paragonMessages } from '@openedx/paragon';

  ReactDOM.render(
    
      
    ,
    document.getElementById('root')
  )

Note that if you are using @edx/frontend-platform's AppProvider component, you don't need a separate context as IntlProvider is already included; you would only need to add Paragon's i18n messages like this:

  import { APP_READY, subscribe, initialize } from '@edx/frontend-platform';
  import { AppProvider } from '@edx/frontend-platform/react';
  import { messages as paragonMessages } from '@openedx/paragon';
  import App from './App';
  // this is your app's i18n messages
  import appMessages from './i18n';

  subscribe(APP_READY, () => {
    ReactDOM.render(
      
        
      ,
      document.getElementById('root')
    )
  })

  initialize({
    // this will add your app's messages as well as Paragon's messages to your app
    messages: [
      appMessages,
      paragonMessages,
    ],
    // here you will typically provide other configurations for you app
    ...
  });

Contributing

The branch to target with your PR depends on the type of change you are contributing to Paragon.

Branch to Target	Type of Change	Documentation Site
release-22.x	Bug fix/security patch	https://paragon-openedx-v22.netlify.app/
release-23.x	Bug fix/security patch/new (non-breaking) feature	https://paragon-openedx-v23.netlify.app/
next	Breaking change	https://paragon-openedx.netlify.app/

Please refer to the "How to Contribute" documentation and Code of Conduct from Open edX.

The Paragon Working Group accepts bug fixes, new features, documentation, and security patches. You may find open issues here or by visiting the Paragon Working Group project board.

If you'd like to contribute a new component or update an existing component, please consider reaching out to the Paragon Working Group via the channels described above to propose your changes.

The Paragon Working Group looks forward to your contributions! 💎

Development

Developing locally against a micro-frontend (MFE)

If you want to test the changes with local MFE setup, you need to create a "module.config.js" file in your MFE's directory containing local module overrides. After that the webpack build for your application will automatically pick your local version of Paragon and use it. The example of module.config.js file looks like this (for more details about module.config.js, refer to the frontend-build documentation.):

module.exports = {
  /*
  Modules you want to use from local source code. Adding a module here means that when 
  your MFE runs its build, it'll resolve the source from peer directories of the app.

  moduleName: the name you use to import code from the module.
  dir: The relative path to the module's source code.
  dist: The sub-directory of the source code where it puts its build artifact. Often "dist".
  */
  localModules: [
    { moduleName: '@openedx/paragon/styles/scss/core', dir: '../src/paragon', dist: 'styles/scss/core' },
    { moduleName: '@openedx/paragon/icons', dir: '../src/paragon', dist: 'icons' },
    // Note that using dist: 'dist' will require you to run 'npm build' in Paragon
    // to add local changes to the 'dist' directory, so that they can be picked up by the MFE.
    // To avoid doing that you can use dist: 'src' to get any local changes hot reloaded on save in the MFE.
    { moduleName: '@openedx/paragon', dir: '../src/paragon', dist: 'dist' },
  ],
};

Then, when importing Paragon's core SCSS in your MFE the import needs to begin with a tilde ~ so that path to your local Paragon repository gets resolved correctly: @import "~@openedx/paragon/styles/scss/core/core.scss";

Internationalization

When developing a new component you should generally follow three rules:

1. The component should not have any hardcoded strings as it would be impossible for consumers to translate it

2. Internationalize all default values of props that expect strings, i.e.

   • For places where you need to display a string, and it's okay if it is a React element use FormattedMessage, e.g. (see Alert component for a full example)

     import { FormattedMessage } from 'react-intl';
     
     
     

   • For places where the display string has to be a plain JavaScript string use formatMessage, this would require access to intl object from react-intl, e.g.

     • For class components use injectIntl HOC

       import { injectIntl } from 'react-intl';
       
       class MyClassComponent extends React.Component {
         render() {
           const { altText, intl } = this.props;
           const intlAltText = altText || intl.formatMessage({
             id: 'pgn.MyComponent.altText',
             defaultMessage: 'Close',
             description: 'Close label for Toast component',
           });
           
           return (
              {}}
               variant="primary"
             />
           )
         }
       }
       
       export default injectIntl(MyClassComponent);
       

     • For functional components use useIntl hook

       import { useIntl } from 'react-intl';
       
       const MyFunctionComponent = ({ altText }) => {
         const intls = useIntl();
         const intlAltText = altText || intl.formatMessage({
           id: 'pgn.MyComponent.altText',
           defaultMessage: 'Close',
           description: 'Close label for Toast component',
         });
       
         return (
            {}}
             variant="primary"
           />
         )
       }
       
       export default MyFunctionComponent;
       

   Notes on the format above:

   • id is required and must be a dot-separated string of the format pgn...
   • The defaultMessage is required, and should be the English display string.
   • The description is optional, but highly recommended, this text gives context to translators about the string.

3. If your component expects a string as a prop, allow the prop to also be an element since consumers may want to also pass instance of their own translated string, for example you might define a string prop like this:

   MyComponent.PropTypes = {
     myProp: PropTypes.oneOfType([PropTypes.string, PropTypes.element]),
   };
   

Adding a new component

1. Start the documentation site development server

The Paragon documentation site serves both as documentation and as a workbench to create your component within. To see your component in action, you need to run the documentation site locally.

npm install
npm start

2. Create new component

To create new component run

npm run generate-component MyComponent

where MyComponent is your new component's name.

This will create a directory in /src/ that will contain templates for all necessary files to start developing the component:

MyComponent
├── index.jsx
├── README.md
├── index.scss
└── MyComponent.test.jsx

The script will also automatically export your component from Paragon.

3. Start developing

/src/MyComponent/index.jsx is where your component lives, the file is created with the following template, edit it to implement your own component.

import React from 'react';
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import classNames from 'classnames';

const MyComponent = React.forwardRef(({ className, children }, ref) => (
  <div>
    {children}
  </div>
));

MyComponent.defaultProps = {
  className: undefined,
};

MyComponent.propTypes = {
  /** A class name to append to the base element. */
  className: PropTypes.string,
  /** Specifies contents of the component. */
  children: PropTypes.node.isRequired,
};

export default MyComponent;

4. (Optional) Add styles to your component.

If your component requires additional styling (which most likely is the case), edit created SCSS style sheet in your component's directory /src/MyComponent/index.scss which by default contains an empty class for your component.

If you wish to use CSS variables (which is the preferred way of styling the components since values can be easily overridden and customized by the consumers of Paragon), you can do so by utilizing design tokens.

Please note that you need to follow Paragon's CSS styling conventions.

5. Document your component

The documentation for your component lives in src/MyComponent/README.md. The documentation site scans this directory for markdown or mdx files to create pages. By default, the file is created with following content:

---
title: 'MyComponent'
type: 'component'
components:
- MyComponent
status: 'New'
designStatus: 'Done'
devStatus: 'Done'
notes: |
  Something special about this component
---

Describe your component here and give usage examples.

### Basic Usage

```jsx live

  Hello!

```

Some notes on the format above:

The top part of the markdown file is known as frontmatter. This metadata with consumed by the documentation site to control the title of the page and the doc site navigation.

• title controls the page title of the generated page
• components is a list of react components by displayName. This usually matches the name you define the component as in code. (In our example so far it is MyComponent). Components added to this list will be scanned by react-docgen for code comments and a props api table will be rendered at the bottom of the page.
• categories is a list of categories where this page will appear the documentation site menu.
• status, designStatus, devStatus, and notes appear in the https://localhost:8000/status page.

JSX code blocks in the markdown file can be made interactive with the live attribute. All paragon components and icons are in scope. (Note: the scope of this code block is controlled by www/components/CodeBlock.jsx).

6. Navigate to your component on the doc site and start building

Visit the documentation at https://localhost:8000 and navigate to see your README.md powered page and workbench. Changes to the README.md file will auto refresh the page.

ESLint

Paragon runs ESLint as a pre-commit hook. If your code fails linting, you will not be able to commit. To avoid hitting a giant-wall-of-linter-failures when you try to commit, we recommend configuring your editor to run ESLint. To run ESLint in the console at any time, run the following:

$ npm run lint

Paragon's ESLint config is based off eslint-config-edx, which itself is based off eslint-config-airbnb. Paragon uses ESLint 3 (and will upgrade to v4 as soon as eslint-config-airbnb releases a supported version), which itself comes with a number of built-in rules. This configuration is highly opinionated and may contain some rules with which you aren't yet familiar, like comma-dangle, but rest assured, you're writing modern, best-practice JS 💅

One of the most powerful features of this ESLint config is its inclusion of eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y. This plugin actually enforces accessibility best practices at the linter level. It will catch things reviewers might not notice, like event handlers bound to noninteractive elements. Of course, it won't catch all accessibility violations, but it's a pretty good low-pass filter.

Testing

Paragon uses Jest with Enzyme for tests and coverage. Both libraries are full-featured and very well supported.

Unit Testing

Jest is an all-in-one test runner and assertion library created for use with React components. Jest's API is similar to Jasmine's and comes with functionality for mocking and spying as well. Check out the docs for more details -- they are very comprehensive.

Paragon also uses Airbnb's Enzyme library to help render our components within unit tests. Enzyme comes with a number of utilities for shallow rendering, mounting components, querying the DOM, simulating DOM events, and querying React components themselves. Read the docs for more details.

To run the unit tests, run:

npm run test

To add unit tests for a component, create a file in your component's directory named .test.js. Jest will automatically pick up this file and run the tests as part of the suite. Take a look at Dropdown.test.jsx or CheckBox.test.jsx for examples of good component unit tests.

Run Unit Tests in Chrome DevTools Inspector

To run the unit tests in the Chrome DevTools inspector, run:

npm run debug-test

Then, open chrome://inspect in your Chrome browser and select the "node_modules/.bin/jest" target to open the Chrome DevTools. You can set breakpoints in Chrome DevTools or insert a debugger; statement into the code to pause execution at that point.

Snapshot Testing

Jest has built-in snapshot testing functionality which serves as a good means of smoketesting components to ensure they render in a predictable way.

When you modify components or stories (or add new components or stories), make sure to update the snapshots or else the snapshot tests will fail. It's easy to do -- just run:

$ npm run snapshot

If the snapshot tests fail, it's generally pretty easy to tell whether it's happening because of a bug or because the snapshots need to be updated. Don't be afraid to inspect the test output for clues!

Coverage

Paragon measures code coverage using Jest's built-in --coverage flag and report it via Codecov. Shoot for 100% test coverage on your PRs, but use your best judgment if you're really struggling to cover those last few lines. At the very least, don't reduce total coverage. Codecov will fail your build if your PR reduces coverage.

Example app

Paragon components can have different behavior in the MFE environment. example app in the project root allows you to test new changes inside the MFE environment.

Steps to install the example app.

1. npm install to install dependencies.
2. Launch any devstack. It is required for MFE to login into the system and set up configs.
3. npm run start-example-mfe to start the app.
4. Go to the example/src/MyComponent.jsx and use Paragon components inside the MFE environment.

Semantic Release

Paragon uses the semantic-release package to automate its release process (creating Git tags, creating GitHub releases, and publishing to NPM).

Preview next release version from Pull Requests

---

As a convenience, the "Node.js CI / build (push)" check on Pull Requests includes a step to analyze the commit(s) and outputs a preview of what version semantic-release will publish if a PR gets merged. This is done using the "--dry-run" option for the semantic-release CLI, which will skip the publish/release steps. Look for a message in this CI step along the lines of "The next release version is ".

Commit Messages

semantic-release analyzes commit messages to determine whether to create a major, minor, or patch release (or to skip a release). Paragon currently uses the default conventional Angular changelog rules which means that there are 3 commit types that will trigger a release:

1. feat (minor release)
2. fix (patch release)
3. perf (patch release)

There are other commit types that will not trigger a release that you can use at your own discretion. Suggested prefixes are docs, chore, style, refactor, and test for non-changelog related tasks.

Breaking Changes

Any of the previous 3 commit types combined with BREAKING CHANGE in the commit message body will trigger a major version release.

Example Breaking Change commit message

perf(pencil): remove graphiteWidth option

BREAKING CHANGE: The graphiteWidth option has been removed. The default graphite width of 10mm is always used for performance reason.

Treeshaking

Paragon is distributed on npm as ES6 modules. This means that webpack can use treeshaking on any Paragon components that a consuming app is not using, resulting in greatly reduced bundle sizes.

To get treeshaking to work, your app may require some updates - most notably, Babel 7. See this PR for an example of the changes necessary to update an app to take advantage of treeshaking with Paragon: https://github.com/openedx/frontend-app-payment/pull/48

People

The assigned maintainers for this component and other project details may be found in Backstage. Backstage pulls this data from the catalog-info.yml file in this repository.

Reporting Security Issues

Please do not report security issues in public. Please email security@openedx.org.

We tend to prioritize security issues which impact the published @openedx/paragon NPM library more so than the documentation website or example React application.

Design Tokens

Design tokens are all the values needed to build and maintain a design system — spacing, color, typography, object styles, etc. They can represent anything defined by the design: color as an RGB value, opacity as a number, spacing as a REM value. They are used instead of hard-coded values to provide flexibility and uniformity across the application.

By defining style properties as tokens, we can transform the styles into various implementations compatible with different platforms or formats as our use cases expand (e.g., transforming tokens to CSS variables, CSS utility classes, etc.).

Theming with design tokens

Paragon uses style-dictionary to build design tokens into CSS variables that are included in the package. Read more in design tokens README.

Compiling CSS from design tokens for Paragon contributions (in this repo)

1. npm install. Install dependencies, including style-dictionary.
2. Make changes to design token(s).
3. npm run build-scss. Transforms the tokens to CSS variables and CSS utility classes, and generates core.css and light.css output files.
   • light.css. CSS variable definitions for colors in the light theme variant.
   • core.css. Contains the majority of Paragon/Bootstrap foundational styles for layout, components, etc. Consumes CSS variables defined by light.css.
4. Test changes locally (e.g., running the documentation website, the example MFE app, etc.).
5. Ensure changes to core.css and light.css are committed & released to NPM (which also "releases" them on versioned public CDNs for NPM packages).
6. Consuming applications would inject the core.css and light.css theme files into their applications via a mechanism similar to https://github.com/openedx/frontend-platform/pull/440 (ideally pulling from a public CDN for NPM packages, but falling back to locally installed copies, if needed).

Compiling CSS from design tokens for @edx/brand theme authors (in @edx/brand repos)

1. npm install. Install dependencies, including @openedx/paragon.
2. Create tokens that will override Paragon's default tokens (matching same JSON schema).
3. npm run build-scss. This @edx/brand repo will have a new NPM script that utilizes a new CLI exported by @openedx/paragon which exposes the build-tokens.js script (or possibly another if we end up needing one for the brand packages to run specifically, TBD) for @edx/brand consumers.
   • The intent of running this command is to effectively deep merge the tokens defined in Paragon's default tokens with the override tokens defined by @edx/brand, generating its own core.css and light.css output files (exact output files still a TBD) containing CSS variable overrides based on the token overrides.
4. Ensure any changes to the generated core.css and light.css files are committed & released to NPM (which also "releases" them on versioned public CDNs for NPM packages).
   • Note: It is a bit unclear still in the above linked implementation POC for @edx/frontend-platform how it would integrate with @edx/brand in this way. Open to suggestions/feedback/ideas here.